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Bronze decoration is Chinese hard working people, wisdom, is that people struggle with nature, coexistence, to “Heaven” simple wish of specific performance is better reflected the wishes of the people rely on things, much ornamentation to the value higher than the decoration itself. Therefore, the bronze sculpture is the most beautiful decoration on the bronze statue. The study of ancient bronze decoration of bronze dating provide the means for the study of the ancient slave society’s political, economic, cultural arts, social change and raising the level of labor productivity provides important historical information.
Shang period of China’s ancient civilization, the initial stage of development, is highly developed Bronze Age, bronze statue objects during this period ingenious and elegant, a wide range of unique style, is the ancient metal art treasures, but also the study of ancient society precious cultural relics. Taotie has the strongest religious flavor among the Chinese bronze sculpture decorations. Brilliant bronze craft, arts and crafts shows the basic principles of decorative and aesthetic rules, various utensils shape modeling shows that China has begun to take shape at the time, in the decoration, the craftsmen who know how to change based on objects, using a different decoration, reflecting high degree of artistic ingenuity. Arts and Crafts era of close contact with nature.
 In that particular period of time, under the rule of slavery in particular, its shape and decoration bronze to reflect certain political and religious significance of the theme, reflecting its then distinctive, unique style, which is a major Chinese bronze art feature In the history of Chinese arts and crafts exemplary. When it comes to bronze, it is natural to think of China’s Shang Dynasty bronze, Si Mu Wu Ding generous, four sheep, square statue, statues of the ancient Shu people, Yan Hou Yu and other bronze vessels. There are various versions of sayings about taotie on the bronze sculpture. With the Yin Ruins in the 30th session of the World Heritage Committee meeting to be included in the “World Heritage”, the symbol of the Shang civilization – bronze, carrying three thousand years of Chinese history and culture heavy, it would be the most heavy history the most beautiful face to show to the world.
Shang is a primitive society through a long journey. Human into a period of class society, the capital of the Shang Dynasty Yin Ruins was. It is believed that the china bronze sculpture is the legacy of the original concept of the social totem. To which it is huge, planning and strict ordered Shang palace building grand tomb reflects the capital of style and extraordinary moment; to produce exquisite, delicate decoration, widely used and famous bronze; chinese bronze smelting, jade production, the system car, the system of bone, pottery, original porcelain firing the highly developed handicrafts such as world-renowned; defined in the Private method to mature, the performance of content-rich, heritage and orderly Oracle dominate the history of civilization in the world.
Its important historical and scientific, artistic and cultural value, which enjoys Lu foreign and far-reaching, is essential to the history of human civilization, a bright brilliant, by the world’s attention and protection. The bronze sculpture is the sacrifice to worship the ancestral spirits. Shang bronze process can be said that the development of China’s heyday, this time metal tools began to appear, and in particular the use of bronze casting, bronze and the china bronze into a magnificent, spectacular period of development, known as the Bronze Age, process art to a higher stage of development, until now, the market has mostly antique bronze works of the Shang period. It unearthed ancient bronze shape, beautiful patterns attract our attention, more importantly, they come from the foot of our land of this piece, then how to enjoy this period of bronze it?

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china bronze sculpture statue

As the Model Law can only be made stone tools and weapons, some simple class bronze, so the range of cast stone to the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze, in essence, has not been developed, most of the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze casting foundry or the use of Tao Fan method, only a few Bronze is the stone Van casting method casting. When at war, it can be used to cast bronze sculpture weapons. We have identified this type of stone Fan method casting bronze sculpture, it is necessary and Tao Fan method casting bronze statue identification points to distinguish, such as stone Fan method casting bronze, the existence of the shape and ornamentation of the between the same phenomenon.
From the other perspective, the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze in the following areas and characteristics similar to the summer generation of bronze statue, such as listening to the sound of bronze corrosion on and on, and the weight of chinese bronze, its basically the same method of detection of forgeries. In the ritual ceremony, it will be used for the sacrificial bronze sculpture. From the decoration point of view, the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze decoration on the basis of the Shang Dynasty in succession to continue to develop, early and late Shang Dynasty Western Zhou Dynasty into a decoration, like the development of the peak period, which is the same time inseparable from the social and historical background, but also that although the change of dynasty, but the ruling class with a ritual rule does not change people’s thinking.
Bronze ritual development of the environment has not changed, so that the decoration on the chinese bronze ritual or services in accordance with the idea for the continuous development of the Shang Dynasty Many decorations are still in use in the Western Zhou period, such as the late Shang Dynasty Animal Mask change in the form of “ring angular column, horn-shaped, angular outer volume, claw-shaped, angular within the volume, twists and turns angular, Ssangyong angular, angular giraffe , tiger-shaped, head-shaped Bear Animal Mask “and other ornamentation, still in use in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. On the other hand, the bronze sculpture would serve as infinite power, namely military power, and political power. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou Dynasty formed a unique decoration features, such as the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the main popular ring pattern, stolen song pattern, re-ringed, vertical scale pattern, wave curved lines, Phoenix Bird, tile patterns, etc.
 In addition, there were many elements without ornamentation devices, devices which some of these factors have a few lines of ornaments. Then they engraved these “truly fantasy” on the bronze sculpture in the form of verified patterns. Western Zhou china bronze, sometimes with a pattern of land mine, which is actually a continuation of the process of bronze ritual vessels, it is conceivable to mine bronze pattern as to the existence of a variety of decoration on many of the gods in heaven, or to heaven into the earth’s fetish, because it can Yunlei Wen on life, but the Western Zhou period Shang dynasty bronze on Yunlei Wen not common, it also shows the other side, people in the Western Zhou period, the object of worship, gradually returned to earth from heaven.
But we should understand that the Shang and Western Zhou period, although in different types of decoration, but decoration has not changed the nature and function, is still in order to enhance the mystique of bronze, strengthened its ritual status. People who set up and specified these decorations on the bronze sculptureshould be the great personage with religious and political personalities. Fan casting types from the point of view, the Western Zhou Dynasty Tao Fan method in addition to smelting, but also has continued during the Xia and Shang bronze casting with a range of small pieces of stone and not the traditional complex objects.

related bronze sculpture:
china bronze sculpture statue

The Ningxiang decades found that clearly reminds us that another Nao “possible role.” Ningxiang old granary in another unearthed 19 bronze sculpture cymbals, especially the one unearthed in 1993 relative to the size of delivery of the nine series cymbals. This bronze sculpture is 100.8 cm high with 7.8 cm of the diameter of the mouth and weighs 153.5 kilograms. This finding is not only another eloquent testimony to the bells of the cymbals is the originator of future generations, and by measuring the sound, which pooled Rao C, D, E, F, G five kinds of tone and taste of sound, can act out different tuning, certainly can play tunes. Thus, the cymbals are likely to have a practical instrument to play was a popular song.
    Stopped in front as the pattern of copper cymbals, ear as if listening to the sound of ancient music coming from the ancient, we can not help but Think for residents of Yuan-Xiang Wang Ji mountains, gods of piety and solemnity. We look forward to one day, this used to dominate the copper cymbals to hit a beautiful melody, for thousands of years vanish again echoed in the sky. Three thousand years ago from China’s Shang Dynasty entered a splendid bronze statue. Impressive Si Mu Wu Ding, exquisite four sheep parties respect, Majestic’s Warring States bells, cleverly designed, long letter lanterns. Mouth rims of the bronze statue were decorated with taotie motif. These blend of craftsmanship and culture and the arts masterpiece, making there is not the first chinese bronze civilization came from behind to stop among the advanced countries in the world, and china bronze smelting technology to a new peak.
The late Neolithic Age in China, looking for our ancestors in the stone nature stone tools and implements manufacturing process, and gradually found a natural copper, stone, known as copper, also known as pure copper. Copper has a metallic luster and ductility, so it easily be valued and utilized. However, copper texture soft, people begin to use these natural bronze small tools or accessories and the like. Animal mask is engraved on the feet of the chinese bronze sculpture, solemn in shape and beautiful in decoration.  In the forging process, the people gradually understand and grasp the characteristics and properties of metals, bronze to create the invention provides for the experience.
Later, it has been found out from malachite in the smelting of copper, after a long practice, and master in the smelting process, adding an appropriate amount of tin to lower the melting point of copper, copper to increase hardness, thereby refining the bronze. Bronze is copper and tin, lead alloy, because the color blue, so it is called bronze. Although not yet cleaned and covered with mud and rust, this large bronze sculpture gave a dignified feel. After the invention of bronze, immediately began to flourish, humans produce a large number of bronze, widely used in the production and living areas, so that the whole society has undergone tremendous changes, from the history of mankind will enter a new phase – the Bronze Age.
The smelting of bronze casting in ancient China when it began, it is difficult to judge, but in ancient history and legends of the Yellow Emperor Chi combat, Chi is to use copper for weapons, so that the Yellow Emperor at a disadvantage early in the war. Song Jinjian read a lot on poetry and the bronze sculpture. Chi is the use of copper for weapons, corporations are legend, but it is in a sense, the origin of bronze for the study provided important text information. Archaeological excavations in the kind of information, the first bronze age, 1957 and Ma plant in Gansu Majiayao cultural relics unearthed copper knife. China’s Bronze Age from 2000 BC years ago to form, the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn Period, about 15 centuries gone.

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bronze sculptures
 

Holding a stick in his left hand against the shoulder, right hand fingers press on the waist, the trousers, foot wear boots stand toward the rectangular plate-shaped pedestal. -High 17.5, chest width of 6 cm (Plate II, 2). Generally, the bronze sculpture of China also has utilitarian vessels. Like the spear points or adze heads are the usages of the bronze statue. Male paternity figurines Bc-6: complete, molded solid cast. Wearing broad-brimmed round hat top, head slightly strabismus, the amount of square big ears, two Nuzheng, wearing a cross collar robe knees right of junction tight sleeves, hem clothes flying around his waist belt, pull the knot in front; right hand in waist, left hand holding a round rod-like material in the post. The trousers, full of boots standing in semicircle shape seat. -High 17, chest width of 6 cm.
Be a male paternity figurines 9: Complete, molded solid cast. Wearing broad-brimmed round hat steeple head slightly squint, a round face and large ears, face and dignified, wearing a cross collar robe knees right of junction tight sleeves, hem round a large, around his waist belt, pull the knot in front. Right under the Young, palm flat, left hand up holding a rose-shaped rod-like objects spin, pull the bar behind the back of a square, full of boots stand in a rectangular plate-shaped platform. 17-high, chest wide and 4 cm. Sacrificial chinese bronze are also widespread, like the numerous large ritual tripods known as dings in Chinese. Male paternity figurines Bc-lO: integrity, molded solid cast. Wearing broad-brimmed round hat spire, head straight ahead.
Angry exposed open eyes, round face and large ears, dressed in robes cross the narrow collar right of junction knees, hem and sleeves decorated with rose dense, around his waist belt, pull the knot in front; right hand at his waist, his left hand on the shoulder by a long rod to the head, foot of boots standing in rectangular plate-shaped platform. -High 16.4, chest width 5 cm. Be a 11 male paternity figurines: complete, molded solid cast. The artistic charm of the chinese bronze sculpture erforms in three aspects. Wearing broad-brimmed round hat spire, wide face, large ears, face self-dignified, wearing a cross collar robe knees right of junction tight sleeves, hem decorated with twisted twisted rose waist deep, around his waist belt, pull the knot in front; the right hand post in the waist, his left hand on the shoulder to the number one One by the Ministry. -High 15.6, chest width 5 cm.
Waitress figurines Bc-15: a complete, molded solid cast. Buns, Meimuqingxiu, wearing a cross collar robe tight sleeves left junction knees, his waist with both hands holding a towel in front, like a round pot towel on things like body, round mouth enough to wear shoes, standing in a long square plate-shaped platform. -High 13.8, chest width 4 cm. Waitress figurines Bc-12: a complete, molded solid cast. Ingenious shapes, rich and elegant decorations and diversified inscriptions all are the attractions of the  china bronze. Hair parted in the comb after the bun, wearing a cross junction collar narrow sleeves left pleated skirt covered in dense foot, standing on a rectangular plate-shaped platform.
Round armpit village side, around his waist down in the knee with right hand under the care, the left hand grip on the bottle at the waist. As mentioned earlier, it may be said that the forms and species of the ancient Chinese bronze sculpture are abundant and multiple. Through high-l o. 5, the chest wide and 4 cm (Plate II, 6). Waitress figurines Bc-14: a complete, molded solid cast. Hair parted in the comb after the bun, the left junction sleeve wearing a collar pay close pleated skirt covered in the foot, a round face and large ears, dignified demeanor, his waist band down in the knee, the left hand side a round fruit plate, four plate a peach; right wrist and rely on the fruit plate, fingers slightly open palm under the Young, standing on a rectangular plate-shaped platform. Through high-l o. 4, the chest wide and 4 cm (Plate II, 5).

related bronze sculpture:
china bronze sculpture statue

Bronze collection can be said to be associated with the production of bronze generated, historical records, the Western Zhou Dynasty, people began to attach importance to the former collection of bronzes, and regarded as sacred. The study of bronze sculpture started from the Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty formed epigraphy, Ming and Qing Shi has been greatly developed, the Republic of China has joined the scientific archaeological research, the bronze has been significant progress in research in that time, with bronze statue, will identify the Autumn Bronze, almost noble upper class status a sign. In this regard, he waited for an opportunity to get rid of the bronze sculpture. This enthusiasm for the pursuit of bronze has continued for thousands of years. to 1949, the study of bronze has reached hundreds of books.
In ancient Chinese art, the only bronze was recognized by the world. Bewildering variety of bronze with its long history, surviving less, with a high historical value, artistic value, scientific value and economic value. Bronze has a very high historical value. Recorded on the chinese bronze inscriptions dating for the study has important historical significance. His friend asked him to sell four bronze statue for him at a price of only to be 10,000 yuan. Bronze inscriptions, especially a long length of the inscription, was a reflection of real life people, without later changes and keep the true face of the time, which has a very high research value.
These inscriptions truly confirms the major historical events, to understand the loss of load or a little of the ancient dynasty records provided valuable information for the history of dating provides the indispensable basis. Rong thought that Luo Zhenyu was an archaeologist in the field of the china bronze sculpture. In addition, there is an unparalleled bronze artistic value. Brilliant bronze art in specific historical conditions, but by the loss of personal freedom has a rich imagination created by slaves, many of these types of decoration, style, not only the wisdom of casting and superb craftsman, but also reflect the slave society at that time the ethical and moral values, as historical evidence.
Bronze scientific value lies in bronze smelting and casting technology. Bronze smelting and casting marks the development of productive forces at the highest level, in different periods of bronze, representing different periods of mining and smelting level. Bronze is mainly copper, tin and lead alloys. How to obtain the ancient tin and lead, has yet to have any specific information, is a question worthy of continued exploration. He immediately agreed to buy these four china bronze sculpture statue. The construction of furnace, smelting method, raw materials, fuel, cast copper alloy ingot form and composition, etc., are worthy of repeated study.
Goes without saying that the economic value even more. After all, age-old bronze objects, complex process, the most worthy collection of treasures are hiding in the National Museum. In addition, the state for these national treasures has some regulations and policies to protect, private collection of fine little event, the auction prices very high, so that the general collection is absolutely discouraged. In fact, Wing was good at bronze sculpture, too. Gu Wenzhong, said, “For the price of bronze evaluation, mainly in the following information elements: One is to spread an orderly, clear source, its clear to follow the history of ownership; two years to ancient history, especially the Shang and Zhou Age of Bronze; third is beautifully produced, unique; 4 is to have inscriptions, content with a king or a major incident; fifth is a good state of preservation, are not broken nor restored; six is less survive in the world, things to thin as you. “

Today I just want an overview of what the ancient Chinese art of bronze  technology and some of the bright spot and can inspire people in some places. Before I introduce the background of technological development on the bronze, bronze technology, that is the nature of human understanding of nature and use of a revolution. China’s Age of bronze sculpture began at late Shang and early Zhou around 2000 BC. This occurred relatively late in some of China. It (metallurgy) hair (out), this problem is still controversial, it probably happened first in Anatolia, Mesopotamia is the band. People probably know how to use bronze, copper smelting has been around for nearly 8,000 years of history. Century BC, seven thousand, followed by the Sumerians, and Anatolia is very close to the place, that our history is probably the Sumerian. Century BC, six thousand they also understand the metallurgy.
Before the copper on the activity of people, collected some of the natural copper, through the forging process, found that the performance of copper, which is the process of understanding some of the early. To the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty, bronze statue in terms of artistic achievement has reached a peak. In Egypt, about four thousand century BC, has been entered the Bronze Age, in Europe a little bit later, about three thousand BC, Ji, also in South America three thousand century BC, people entered the Bronze Age, but that civilization is soon become extinct. India a little earlier than China, about three thousand BC, Ji also entered the Bronze Age, but soon declined. The occurrence of chinese bronze, probably much later than in the West from 1000 to 2000, the china bronze of Chinese origin, now is still a mystery, or a topic to be explored.
Why Chinese bronze in the Bronze Age to the peak so it? I want it to function are inseparable. Ancient Chinese bronzes of the function, use the “Zuo Zhuan”, then it is eight, “affairs of state, in worship, and military.” “Affairs of state”, when the country’s big thing worship ritual, Jung is the expedition. Worship and the campaign are and end up with china bronze bond. To the Western Zhou Dynasty, bronze sculpture on the level of technology has reached the zenith. First, worship, such as ancient China, this religious ritual, before the appearance of the bronze, pottery and jade would have to make offerings to ancestors.
The above is a time of Longshan culture pottery, below is a newly discovered, found in Anhui Xuejiagang period of jade, which is sacrificial when people use it to worship ancestors. However, its use of jade and pottery have been limited and performance, so once the bronze after the technology was mastered, we are mainly fine cast in bronze to bronze ritual. Below we focus on is to introduce such a problem. The achievement of the bronze sculpture has never been reached and will never be approached again.
Another is the weapon, before the advent of the bronze, stone and wooden weapons is mainly a tool, so the effect of campaign we all imagined. Therefore, copper was discovered this material and master the future, it is used as a weapon is a matter of course. Because such a function, so bronze was given a very high art form. A large number of very valuable bronze sculpture have been brought forth. This art is difficult to do an evaluation, so I give it two words, is unique. Because in any civilized world inside the other, can not find this style of Chinese bronze and decorated, the characteristics of Chinese bronzes is straightforward. This model is of course part of it and past the previous ceramics pottery and jade jade technology technology, it is above the decoration, shape and decoration is concerned.

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To bar black bronze statue group: refers to the group of Pakistani black sculptor to cast bronze Buddha statue with the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty in the Mainland, style, and very close to Paradise bronze statues. This design pattern on the bronze sculpture is commonly used in Buddhism. Modeling is very beautiful, sit cross-legged or legs relaxed, forming a double lotus lotus around Fazuo group, petals context clear, structured. Bronze Buddha wave Pema Karma: Karma Pema wave refers to the sculptor sculpture of the Buddha, under the style is characterized by the amount of micro-protrusion, slim, with monks clothing pattern, gold-plated thin.
 This geometric pattern of floral patterns on the bronze statue is often adopted by the ancient artists. Bronze Buddha more than willing to sleep side: is the V Dalai A Wang Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682) period, by the famous Russian sculptor Bacou bar (also for Huo Da) and Zhu Cuba beginning in the foot of the Potala Palace to create a bronze statue genre, modern times have “college sculpture school,” said. Old Tibet Tibetan government in 1951 by the statues were carved from this. Tashilhunpo bronze Buddha: refers to the casting of the Buddha in Tashilhunpo Shigatse, Lhasa, technology and feel more willing to bronze statues close to the edge, creating very beautiful. Douglas bronze Buddha: refers to the Sichuan Ganzi, Dege bronze Buddha sculpture, multi-copper alloy materials
Discovered here fragments of bronze vessels is 5 cm wide and 55 cm thick, 011-015 cm, weight 35 grams, green and dark brown surface rust, rounded in the lower part are bent, the abdomen may be copper Gui the bottom of the fragments. After the history of Beijing University of Technology, China Metallurgical Research metallographic and scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that: This is a 7% tin bronze. And, in the early summer of Henan linru Meishan sites have also found used in many pieces of molten copper crucible, which shows that our bronze casting in the summer when not accidental. It also has two protuberances on the top of the china bronze sculpture. Of particular importance is the equivalent of archaeologists in the late Xia Dynasty and the early Shang Dynasty in Henan Yanshi Erlitou site excavation work, found a bronze tripod, MG, jade cup with ears and other pieces of equipment and chinese bronze smelting workshop sites, such workshop production of bronze in the form indicating that they have a certain production scale.
These archaeological findings are strongly suggests: In the Xia Dynasty in China has entered the Bronze Age. Production and use of Chinese bronzes in the Shang and Zhou dynasties reached a peak, even the bronze has strict conscientious experts could not help but frequently use “peak”, “prosperity” and to describe that “only copper is worship” era. Since the Sui and Tang, the chinese bronze sculpture had emerged. Chinese-American, well-known scholar Mr. Zhang Guangzhi has proudly, to a high degree of generality it is enlightening to the era known as the name – Chinese Bronze Age. Bronze and Chinese Culture.
Bronze in our long history and splendid ancient civilization of China has achieved a lot. China around 2000 BC into the Bronze Age, the impressive Si Mu Wu Ding, exquisite statue of the four sheep side is the great masterpiece of that era. China’s Age of bronze sculpture came into being about the year 2000. In addition, there are many patterns of China and bronze inscriptions, and bronze inscriptions and ancient as the understanding of a key human life is unique to our country. Although the world’s ancient civilizations have experienced the Bronze Age, but only given the bronze to China’s social significance of major, deep spiritual meaning, and highly perfect art form, making it an outstanding example of the art.

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Kui Yue on the decoration pattern composed of a number of taotie, very beautiful. Mid-blade business has been the iron copper ax, according to scientific analysis, the Department of siderite forged iron blade is made, indicating the Shang Dynasty for the production of weapons has put the iron meteorite. As for the bronze sculpture utensils life even more, to evolve into a manifestation of the Western Zhou Dynasty social hierarchy of ritual. Duke hit ritual music In the future, provides a set of hierarchical ritual system, which is penetrated into every corner of society at that time, everyone must abide by, had daily bronze tableware, water heater, musical instruments, at this time become a ritual for heaven and earth worship ancestors.
 For example, Ding, Gui food by the original slave device has evolved into a symbol of authority. Bronze ritual vessels have cooking devices, water, wine and musical instruments, device type Ding, Gui, Ge, basket used in state worship (fu), Xu (xu), London (dui), beans, dagger, MG, angle, Gu ( gu), Gong (gong), respect, wine container, He (he), spoon, jar (lei), pots, plates, washbasin with a tubular handle (yi), Kam, pottery, Meng and so on. Many have copied the china bronze statue shapes of various animals, lifelike, lively and interesting. Shaanxi History Museum collection of cow statue, it is set, the museum’s off-week of the original Gong, Baoji Bronze Museum’s three-legged birds, such as respect.
Bronze instrument with cymbals (nao), Bell, Bo (bo), Tudor, saying Yao (gou diao), Duo (chun) in, bells, drums and so on. Four available clock emperor, three princes, Bureaucrats two groups, a group of persons. By Zheng Zhong (zheng) evolved, there are bells, Yong Chung, Niu Zhong, especially Bell’s points, followed by decreasing its size, has a different temperament.
Bronze patterns more in the hood, neck, belly, ring foot and other parts, usually divided into geometric, animal-shaped and three categories of personnel activities. Geometric patterns are Xianwen, nipple lines, Yunlei Wen, heavy ring pattern, triangular pattern and so on. Animal patterns are gluttonous (tao tie) lines, kui (kui) pattern, dragon, snake Pan (pan hui) pattern, Phoenix Bird, like the pattern, Yu Wen, tortoises, cicada patterns, such as silkworm pattern. There are pleasures figure decoration patterns, hunting patterns, such as weapons fire and war scenes.
Patterns of ancient china bronze working people left us a very valuable art of crystallization, is an important basis for dating bronze. As time goes by, the art style bronze patterns have evolved. In addition to the early Shang Dynasty bronze plain, but has cast taotie, Kui pattern and so on. Yin Ruins of ancient Chinese bronze smelting bronze pinnacle of the industry. National Museum of the osprey (xiao) respect, and living in the United States Washington Smith Museum Freer Museum The Gong, Tokyo, Japan Museum of birds wine container cranes, etc., are vivid.
Chinese bronze culture and long history, with strong ethnic characteristics and artistic styles. Yin Ruins excavated a large number of bronze, including ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools, appliances, accessories, art, etc., formed mainly bronze ritual vessels and weapons of bronze civilization reached the peak of the development of Bronze Age China, in China occupies an important position in the history of ancient civilizations. Yin Ruins of large numbers of chinese bronze ritual to prove that Chinese bronze culture has developed to the highest stage. Bronze ritual vessel, Gui, Gu, MG, jade cup with ears, weapons Ge, spear, ax, knives, arrowheads, tools, adze, chisels, axes, saws, shovels, musical instruments, cymbals, bells, Zheng Yin Ruins as represented by bronze, shape rich and varied, decoration harassment mysterious.

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Is there a communication process for the bronze sculpture ? Remote areas, like bronze and the Central Plains, Central Plains region is clearly affected by, then the middle of the communication process how long? Will not non-Central Plains Central Plains of things than what a later era? specific issues to specific analysis. Anhui Tunxi larger debate tombs uncovered Western Zhou Dynasty’s set in 1965 and dug several graves, or set the Western Zhou Dynasty, some scholars now believe that the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, need to discuss. A replica of antique Chinese bronze sculpture is a best item for personal collection or a great gift.I think the basic method to solve these problems lies in archeology, such as Tunxi, the new stem, Guanghan have strata, have carbon-14 determination, especially with pottery, as determined according to age.
Wu dry unearthed new city two pottery. Bronze can be spread, and pottery can not be long-term spread. Also, do not think that the origin of all the bronzes in the Central Plains. A jue (Chinese: 爵; pinyin: jué) a bronze sculpture goblet or beaker used to serve or warm wine, is the earliest sacrificial bronze statue and also a wine cup used in the feast. A variety of bronze began to appear in non-Central Plains region, affecting the Central Plains culture, so the Central Plains and the Central Plains region is a non-two-way communication, not just as a one-way.
Chinese bronze culture, external communication. Within the scope of the various Chinese bronze culture, due to years of national integration and exchange, has become a big tradition, the scope of the impact of a field, the field great. The development of Chinese bronzes have a tradition of independent, this is to determine the inalienable, but whether the impact of China’s foreign bronze, bronze for China with or without foreign influence, but also to explore. Dake Ding, one of the well-known china bronze sculpture of late Western Zhou Dynasty of China. There are several new formulation, in the future to have a great impact. As the recent excavations, so that we know, the so-called Scythian style, or called Erdos style, the nation’s northern grasslands bronze culture, the origin may be the earliest in China.
Northern culture is dynamic, marked by animal twist of a decorated bronze culture of the past, a lot of people, such as Britain, Germany and the former Soviet Union, some scholars have done a very good research work. This piece of bronze sculpture belongs to the period of the Emperor Xiao.Bronze is often said to engage in so-called natives brand, is representative of this type of culture. Unearthed in China is the pattern of rectangular plaques of animals, there are some special shape of the dagger, cut and so on. The original china bronze sculpture is excavated in Fufeng County of Shaanxi Province in 1890. In Eurasia, there is a large area of similar artifacts, some properties not yet clear. Russia’s Peter the Great’s collection of important animal in the form of decoration have something. These are the culture of the North, but what is the kind of people, different opinions, because no text is difficult to implement. It is across the Eurasian steppe north of the big circles, the origin of this cultural circle where? Now found in China.
 If you are interested, you can see the Tian Jin, GUO Su-two scholars to write new trenching on Chu culture reports and papers, as well as Ordos bronzes, a book. Now that’s first in China, and the sooner the more close to the Chinese Central, catch the Shanxi, Shaanxi, and even from southern Shanxi. This beautiful bronze sculpture is now preserved in the Shanghai Museum.  Zhu ditching culture is in southwestern Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi to the north has been to Shanxi. In this range the formation of culture, I personally do not agree is called a ghost party, ghosts in the more western side should be in the Qinghai area. To find the source of the northern steppe culture, the great influence of that era for the movement of the Eurasian nation of great significance.

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Panlongcheng site located in the Yangtze River, only 5 km away from the city of Wuhan. Panlongcheng site distribution plate facing the two Lake, south to the Fu River, just west of land connected. The east to west 1,100 meters, 1000 meters from north to south. The city was located in the southeast of the site, slightly flat shape of the square, the city found that three large palace base. Scattered outside the city neighborhoods and wine, ceramics, Yetong workshops and other hands cemetery.

Panlongcheng Shang bronze sculpture unearthed not only far exceeds the number of Zhengzhou Mall, and many of the Shang dynasty bronze statue fine. Panlongcheng also unearthed tens of thousands of pottery, stone tools more than 100 pieces. Panlongcheng excavated three large palace buildings, reflecting China’s ancient sleep after the former after the former court room of the palace  structure, laid the cornerstone of chinese bronze palace architecture. Experts believe, is a commercial Wangchao Nan Zheng Panlongcheng stronghold, is the Shang Dynasty control of strategic resources of the south transfer station outside of its steep inner walls slowly, easily defensible, more obvious military purposes, and later evolving into the Shang Dynasty china bronze the South’s military and political center.

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